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OPENSSL(1ossl)                      OpenSSL                     OPENSSL(1ossl)



NAME

       openssl - OpenSSL command line program


SYNOPSIS

       openssl command [ options ... ] [ parameters ... ]

       openssl no-XXX [ options ]

       openssl -help | -version


DESCRIPTION

       OpenSSL is a cryptography toolkit implementing the Secure Sockets Layer
       (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS) network protocols and related
       cryptography standards required by them.

       The openssl program is a command line program for using the various
       cryptography functions of OpenSSL's crypto library from the shell.  It
       can be used for

        o  Creation and management of private keys, public keys and parameters
        o  Public key cryptographic operations
        o  Creation of X.509 certificates, CSRs and CRLs
        o  Calculation of Message Digests and Message Authentication Codes
        o  Encryption and Decryption with Ciphers
        o  SSL/TLS Client and Server Tests
        o  Handling of S/MIME signed or encrypted mail
        o  Timestamp requests, generation and verification


COMMAND SUMMARY

       The openssl program provides a rich variety of commands (command in the
       "SYNOPSIS" above).  Each command can have many options and argument
       parameters, shown above as options and parameters.

       Detailed documentation and use cases for most standard subcommands are
       available (e.g., openssl-x509(1)). The subcommand openssl-list(1) may
       be used to list subcommands.

       The command no-XXX tests whether a command of the specified name is
       available.  If no command named XXX exists, it returns 0 (success) and
       prints no-XXX; otherwise it returns 1 and prints XXX.  In both cases,
       the output goes to stdout and nothing is printed to stderr.  Additional
       command line arguments are always ignored.  Since for each cipher there
       is a command of the same name, this provides an easy way for shell
       scripts to test for the availability of ciphers in the openssl program.
       (no-XXX is not able to detect pseudo-commands such as quit, list, or
       no-XXX itself.)

   Configuration Option
       Many commands use an external configuration file for some or all of
       their arguments and have a -config option to specify that file.  The
       default name of the file is openssl.cnf in the default certificate
       storage area, which can be determined from the openssl-version(1)
       command using the -d or -a option.  The environment variable
       OPENSSL_CONF can be used to specify a different file location or to
       disable loading a configuration (using the empty string).

       Among others, the configuration file can be used to load modules and to
       specify parameters for generating certificates and random numbers.  See
       config(5) for details.

   Standard Commands
       asn1parse
           Parse an ASN.1 sequence.

       ca  Certificate Authority (CA) Management.

       ciphers
           Cipher Suite Description Determination.

       cms CMS (Cryptographic Message Syntax) command.

       crl Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Management.

       crl2pkcs7
           CRL to PKCS#7 Conversion.

       dgst
           Message Digest calculation. MAC calculations are superseded by
           openssl-mac(1).

       dhparam
           Generation and Management of Diffie-Hellman Parameters. Superseded
           by openssl-genpkey(1) and openssl-pkeyparam(1).

       dsa DSA Data Management.

       dsaparam
           DSA Parameter Generation and Management. Superseded by
           openssl-genpkey(1) and openssl-pkeyparam(1).

       ec  EC (Elliptic curve) key processing.

       ecparam
           EC parameter manipulation and generation.

       enc Encryption, decryption, and encoding.

       engine
           Engine (loadable module) information and manipulation.

       errstr
           Error Number to Error String Conversion.

       fipsinstall
           FIPS configuration installation.

       gendsa
           Generation of DSA Private Key from Parameters. Superseded by
           openssl-genpkey(1) and openssl-pkey(1).

       genpkey
           Generation of Private Key or Parameters.

       genrsa
           Generation of RSA Private Key. Superseded by openssl-genpkey(1).

       help
           Display information about a command's options.

       info
           Display diverse information built into the OpenSSL libraries.

       kdf Key Derivation Functions.

       list
           List algorithms and features.

       mac Message Authentication Code Calculation.

       nseq
           Create or examine a Netscape certificate sequence.

       ocsp
           Online Certificate Status Protocol command.

       passwd
           Generation of hashed passwords.

       pkcs12
           PKCS#12 Data Management.

       pkcs7
           PKCS#7 Data Management.

       pkcs8
           PKCS#8 format private key conversion command.

       pkey
           Public and private key management.

       pkeyparam
           Public key algorithm parameter management.

       pkeyutl
           Public key algorithm cryptographic operation command.

       prime
           Compute prime numbers.

       rand
           Generate pseudo-random bytes.

       rehash
           Create symbolic links to certificate and CRL files named by the
           hash values.

       req PKCS#10 X.509 Certificate Signing Request (CSR) Management.

       rsa RSA key management.

       rsautl
           RSA command for signing, verification, encryption, and decryption.
           Superseded by  openssl-pkeyutl(1).

       s_client
           This implements a generic SSL/TLS client which can establish a
           transparent connection to a remote server speaking SSL/TLS. It's
           intended for testing purposes only and provides only rudimentary
           interface functionality but internally uses mostly all
           functionality of the OpenSSL ssl library.

       s_server
           This implements a generic SSL/TLS server which accepts connections
           from remote clients speaking SSL/TLS. It's intended for testing
           purposes only and provides only rudimentary interface functionality
           but internally uses mostly all functionality of the OpenSSL ssl
           library.  It provides both an own command line oriented protocol
           for testing SSL functions and a simple HTTP response facility to
           emulate an SSL/TLS-aware webserver.

       s_time
           SSL Connection Timer.

       sess_id
           SSL Session Data Management.

       smime
           S/MIME mail processing.

       speed
           Algorithm Speed Measurement.

       spkac
           SPKAC printing and generating command.

       srp Maintain SRP password file. This command is deprecated.

       storeutl
           Command to list and display certificates, keys, CRLs, etc.

       ts  Time Stamping Authority command.

       verify
           X.509 Certificate Verification.  See also the
           openssl-verification-options(1) manual page.

       version
           OpenSSL Version Information.

       x509
           X.509 Certificate Data Management.

   Message Digest Commands
       blake2b512
           BLAKE2b-512 Digest

       blake2s256
           BLAKE2s-256 Digest

       md2 MD2 Digest

       md4 MD4 Digest

       md5 MD5 Digest

       mdc2
           MDC2 Digest

       rmd160
           RMD-160 Digest

       sha1
           SHA-1 Digest

       sha224
           SHA-2 224 Digest

       sha256
           SHA-2 256 Digest

       sha384
           SHA-2 384 Digest

       sha512
           SHA-2 512 Digest

       sha3-224
           SHA-3 224 Digest

       sha3-256
           SHA-3 256 Digest

       sha3-384
           SHA-3 384 Digest

       sha3-512
           SHA-3 512 Digest

       keccak-224
           KECCAK 224 Digest

       keccak-256
           KECCAK 256 Digest

       keccak-384
           KECCAK 384 Digest

       keccak-512
           KECCAK 512 Digest

       shake128
           SHA-3 SHAKE128 Digest

       shake256
           SHA-3 SHAKE256 Digest

       sm3 SM3 Digest

   Encryption, Decryption, and Encoding Commands
       The following aliases provide convenient access to the most used
       encodings and ciphers.

       Depending on how OpenSSL was configured and built, not all ciphers
       listed here may be present. See openssl-enc(1) for more information.

       aes128, aes-128-cbc, aes-128-cfb, aes-128-ctr, aes-128-ecb, aes-128-ofb
           AES-128 Cipher

       aes192, aes-192-cbc, aes-192-cfb, aes-192-ctr, aes-192-ecb, aes-192-ofb
           AES-192 Cipher

       aes256, aes-256-cbc, aes-256-cfb, aes-256-ctr, aes-256-ecb, aes-256-ofb
           AES-256 Cipher

       aria128, aria-128-cbc, aria-128-cfb, aria-128-ctr, aria-128-ecb,
       aria-128-ofb
           Aria-128 Cipher

       aria192, aria-192-cbc, aria-192-cfb, aria-192-ctr, aria-192-ecb,
       aria-192-ofb
           Aria-192 Cipher

       aria256, aria-256-cbc, aria-256-cfb, aria-256-ctr, aria-256-ecb,
       aria-256-ofb
           Aria-256 Cipher

       base64
           Base64 Encoding

       bf, bf-cbc, bf-cfb, bf-ecb, bf-ofb
           Blowfish Cipher

       camellia128, camellia-128-cbc, camellia-128-cfb, camellia-128-ctr,
       camellia-128-ecb, camellia-128-ofb
           Camellia-128 Cipher

       camellia192, camellia-192-cbc, camellia-192-cfb, camellia-192-ctr,
       camellia-192-ecb, camellia-192-ofb
           Camellia-192 Cipher

       camellia256, camellia-256-cbc, camellia-256-cfb, camellia-256-ctr,
       camellia-256-ecb, camellia-256-ofb
           Camellia-256 Cipher

       cast, cast-cbc
           CAST Cipher

       cast5-cbc, cast5-cfb, cast5-ecb, cast5-ofb
           CAST5 Cipher

       chacha20
           Chacha20 Cipher

       des, des-cbc, des-cfb, des-ecb, des-ede, des-ede-cbc, des-ede-cfb,
       des-ede-ofb, des-ofb
           DES Cipher

       des3, desx, des-ede3, des-ede3-cbc, des-ede3-cfb, des-ede3-ofb
           Triple-DES Cipher

       idea, idea-cbc, idea-cfb, idea-ecb, idea-ofb
           IDEA Cipher

       rc2, rc2-cbc, rc2-cfb, rc2-ecb, rc2-ofb
           RC2 Cipher

       rc4 RC4 Cipher

       rc5, rc5-cbc, rc5-cfb, rc5-ecb, rc5-ofb
           RC5 Cipher

       seed, seed-cbc, seed-cfb, seed-ecb, seed-ofb
           SEED Cipher

       sm4, sm4-cbc, sm4-cfb, sm4-ctr, sm4-ecb, sm4-ofb
           SM4 Cipher


OPTIONS

       Details of which options are available depend on the specific command.
       This section describes some common options with common behavior.

   Program Options
       These options can be specified without a command specified to get help
       or version information.

       -help
           Provides a terse summary of all options.  For more detailed
           information, each command supports a -help option.  Accepts --help
           as well.

       -version
           Provides a terse summary of the openssl program version.  For more
           detailed information see openssl-version(1).  Accepts --version as
           well.

   Common Options
       -help
           If an option takes an argument, the "type" of argument is also
           given.

       --  This terminates the list of options. It is mostly useful if any
           filename parameters start with a minus sign:

            openssl verify [flags...] -- -cert1.pem...

   Format Options
       See openssl-format-options(1) for manual page.

   Pass Phrase Options
       See the openssl-passphrase-options(1) manual page.

   Random State Options
       Prior to OpenSSL 1.1.1, it was common for applications to store
       information about the state of the random-number generator in a file
       that was loaded at startup and rewritten upon exit. On modern operating
       systems, this is generally no longer necessary as OpenSSL will seed
       itself from a trusted entropy source provided by the operating system.
       These flags are still supported for special platforms or circumstances
       that might require them.

       It is generally an error to use the same seed file more than once and
       every use of -rand should be paired with -writerand.

       -rand files
           A file or files containing random data used to seed the random
           number generator.  Multiple files can be specified separated by an
           OS-dependent character.  The separator is ";" for MS-Windows, ","
           for OpenVMS, and ":" for all others. Another way to specify
           multiple files is to repeat this flag with different filenames.

       -writerand file
           Writes the seed data to the specified file upon exit.  This file
           can be used in a subsequent command invocation.

   Certificate Verification Options
       See the openssl-verification-options(1) manual page.

   Name Format Options
       See the openssl-namedisplay-options(1) manual page.

   TLS Version Options
       Several commands use SSL, TLS, or DTLS. By default, the commands use
       TLS and clients will offer the lowest and highest protocol version they
       support, and servers will pick the highest version that the client
       offers that is also supported by the server.

       The options below can be used to limit which protocol versions are
       used, and whether TCP (SSL and TLS) or UDP (DTLS) is used.  Note that
       not all protocols and flags may be available, depending on how OpenSSL
       was built.

       -ssl3, -tls1, -tls1_1, -tls1_2, -tls1_3, -no_ssl3, -no_tls1,
       -no_tls1_1, -no_tls1_2, -no_tls1_3
           These options require or disable the use of the specified SSL or
           TLS protocols.  When a specific TLS version is required, only that
           version will be offered or accepted.  Only one specific protocol
           can be given and it cannot be combined with any of the no_ options.
           The no_* options do not work with s_time and ciphers commands but
           work with s_client and s_server commands.

       -dtls, -dtls1, -dtls1_2
           These options specify to use DTLS instead of TLS.  With -dtls,
           clients will negotiate any supported DTLS protocol version.  Use
           the -dtls1 or -dtls1_2 options to support only DTLS1.0 or DTLS1.2,
           respectively.

   Engine Options
       -engine id
           Load the engine identified by id and use all the methods it
           implements (algorithms, key storage, etc.), unless specified
           otherwise in the command-specific documentation or it is configured
           to do so, as described in "Engine Configuration" in config(5).

           The engine will be used for key ids specified with -key and similar
           options when an option like -keyform engine is given.

           A special case is the "loader_attic" engine, which is meant just
           for internal OpenSSL testing purposes and supports loading keys,
           parameters, certificates, and CRLs from files.  When this engine is
           used, files with such credentials are read via this engine.  Using
           the "file:" schema is optional; a plain file (path) name will do.

       Options specifying keys, like -key and similar, can use the generic
       OpenSSL engine key loading URI scheme "org.openssl.engine:" to retrieve
       private keys and public keys.  The URI syntax is as follows, in
       simplified form:

           org.openssl.engine:{engineid}:{keyid}

       Where "{engineid}" is the identity/name of the engine, and "{keyid}" is
       a key identifier that's acceptable by that engine.  For example, when
       using an engine that interfaces against a PKCS#11 implementation, the
       generic key URI would be something like this (this happens to be an
       example for the PKCS#11 engine that's part of OpenSC):

           -key org.openssl.engine:pkcs11:label_some-private-key

       As a third possibility, for engines and providers that have implemented
       their own OSSL_STORE_LOADER(3), "org.openssl.engine:" should not be
       necessary.  For a PKCS#11 implementation that has implemented such a
       loader, the PKCS#11 URI as defined in RFC 7512 should be possible to
       use directly:

           -key pkcs11:object=some-private-key;pin-value=1234

   Provider Options
       -provider name
           Load and initialize the provider identified by name. The name can
           be also a path to the provider module. In that case the provider
           name will be the specified path and not just the provider module
           name.  Interpretation of relative paths is platform specific. The
           configured "MODULESDIR" path, OPENSSL_MODULES environment variable,
           or the path specified by -provider-path is prepended to relative
           paths.  See provider(7) for a more detailed description.

       -provider-path path
           Specifies the search path that is to be used for looking for
           providers.  Equivalently, the OPENSSL_MODULES environment variable
           may be set.

       -propquery propq
           Specifies the property query clause to be used when fetching
           algorithms from the loaded providers.  See property(7) for a more
           detailed description.


ENVIRONMENT

       The OpenSSL library can be take some configuration parameters from the
       environment.  Some of these variables are listed below.  For
       information about specific commands, see openssl-engine(1),
       openssl-rehash(1), and tsget(1).

       For information about the use of environment variables in
       configuration, see "ENVIRONMENT" in config(5).

       For information about querying or specifying CPU architecture flags,
       see OPENSSL_ia32cap(3), and OPENSSL_s390xcap(3).

       For information about all environment variables used by the OpenSSL
       libraries, see openssl-env(7).

       OPENSSL_TRACE=name[,...]
           Enable tracing output of OpenSSL library, by name.  This output
           will only make sense if you know OpenSSL internals well.  Also, it
           might not give you any output at all if OpenSSL was built without
           tracing support.

           The value is a comma separated list of names, with the following
           available:

           TRACE
               Traces the OpenSSL trace API itself.

           INIT
               Traces OpenSSL library initialization and cleanup.

           TLS Traces the TLS/SSL protocol.

           TLS_CIPHER
               Traces the ciphers used by the TLS/SSL protocol.

           CONF
               Show details about provider and engine configuration.

           ENGINE_TABLE
               The function that is used by RSA, DSA (etc) code to select
               registered ENGINEs, cache defaults and functional references
               (etc), will generate debugging summaries.

           ENGINE_REF_COUNT
               Reference counts in the ENGINE structure will be monitored with
               a line of generated for each change.

           PKCS5V2
               Traces PKCS#5 v2 key generation.

           PKCS12_KEYGEN
               Traces PKCS#12 key generation.

           PKCS12_DECRYPT
               Traces PKCS#12 decryption.

           X509V3_POLICY
               Generates the complete policy tree at various points during
               X.509 v3 policy evaluation.

           BN_CTX
               Traces BIGNUM context operations.

           CMP Traces CMP client and server activity.

           STORE
               Traces STORE operations.

           DECODER
               Traces decoder operations.

           ENCODER
               Traces encoder operations.

           REF_COUNT
               Traces decrementing certain ASN.1 structure references.

           HTTP
               Traces the HTTP client and server, such as messages being sent
               and received.


SEE ALSO

       openssl-asn1parse(1), openssl-ca(1), openssl-ciphers(1),
       openssl-cms(1), openssl-crl(1), openssl-crl2pkcs7(1), openssl-dgst(1),
       openssl-dhparam(1), openssl-dsa(1), openssl-dsaparam(1), openssl-ec(1),
       openssl-ecparam(1), openssl-enc(1), openssl-engine(1),
       openssl-errstr(1), openssl-gendsa(1), openssl-genpkey(1),
       openssl-genrsa(1), openssl-kdf(1), openssl-list(1), openssl-mac(1),
       openssl-nseq(1), openssl-ocsp(1), openssl-passwd(1), openssl-pkcs12(1),
       openssl-pkcs7(1), openssl-pkcs8(1), openssl-pkey(1),
       openssl-pkeyparam(1), openssl-pkeyutl(1), openssl-prime(1),
       openssl-rand(1), openssl-rehash(1), openssl-req(1), openssl-rsa(1),
       openssl-rsautl(1), openssl-s_client(1), openssl-s_server(1),
       openssl-s_time(1), openssl-sess_id(1), openssl-smime(1),
       openssl-speed(1), openssl-spkac(1), openssl-srp(1),
       openssl-storeutl(1), openssl-ts(1), openssl-verify(1),
       openssl-version(1), openssl-x509(1), config(5), crypto(7),
       openssl-env(7).  ssl(7), x509v3_config(5)


HISTORY

       The list -XXX-algorithms options were added in OpenSSL 1.0.0; For notes
       on the availability of other commands, see their individual manual
       pages.

       The -issuer_checks option is deprecated as of OpenSSL 1.1.0 and is
       silently ignored.

       The -xcertform and -xkeyform options are obsolete since OpenSSL 3.0 and
       have no effect.

       The interactive mode, which could be invoked by running "openssl" with
       no further arguments, was removed in OpenSSL 3.0, and running that
       program with no arguments is now equivalent to "openssl help".


COPYRIGHT

       Copyright 2000-2023 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.

       Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the "License").  You may not use
       this file except in compliance with the License.  You can obtain a copy
       in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
       <https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.

3.3.2                             2024-09-04                    OPENSSL(1ossl)

openssl 3.3.2 - Generated Thu Sep 5 05:48:03 CDT 2024
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