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ffmpeg-utils(1)                                                ffmpeg-utils(1)




NAME

       ffmpeg-utils - FFmpeg utilities


DESCRIPTION

       This document describes some generic features and utilities provided by
       the libavutil library.


SYNTAX

       This section documents the syntax and formats employed by the FFmpeg
       libraries and tools.

   Quoting and escaping
       FFmpeg adopts the following quoting and escaping mechanism, unless
       explicitly specified. The following rules are applied:

       o   ' and \ are special characters (respectively used for quoting and
           escaping). In addition to them, there might be other special
           characters depending on the specific syntax where the escaping and
           quoting are employed.

       o   A special character is escaped by prefixing it with a \.

       o   All characters enclosed between '' are included literally in the
           parsed string. The quote character ' itself cannot be quoted, so
           you may need to close the quote and escape it.

       o   Leading and trailing whitespaces, unless escaped or quoted, are
           removed from the parsed string.

       Note that you may need to add a second level of escaping when using the
       command line or a script, which depends on the syntax of the adopted
       shell language.

       The function "av_get_token" defined in libavutil/avstring.h can be used
       to parse a token quoted or escaped according to the rules defined
       above.

       The tool tools/ffescape in the FFmpeg source tree can be used to
       automatically quote or escape a string in a script.

       Examples

       o   Escape the string "Crime d'Amour" containing the "'" special
           character:

                   Crime d\'Amour

       o   The string above contains a quote, so the "'" needs to be escaped
           when quoting it:

                   'Crime d'\''Amour'

       o   Include leading or trailing whitespaces using quoting:

                   '  this string starts and ends with whitespaces  '

       o   Escaping and quoting can be mixed together:

                   ' The string '\'string\'' is a string '

       o   To include a literal \ you can use either escaping or quoting:

                   'c:\foo' can be written as c:\\foo

   Date
       The accepted syntax is:

               [(YYYY-MM-DD|YYYYMMDD)[T|t| ]]((HH:MM:SS[.m...]]])|(HHMMSS[.m...]]]))[Z]
               now

       If the value is "now" it takes the current time.

       Time is local time unless Z is appended, in which case it is
       interpreted as UTC.  If the year-month-day part is not specified it
       takes the current year-month-day.

   Time duration
       There are two accepted syntaxes for expressing time duration.

               [-][<HH>:]<MM>:<SS>[.<m>...]

       HH expresses the number of hours, MM the number of minutes for a
       maximum of 2 digits, and SS the number of seconds for a maximum of 2
       digits. The m at the end expresses decimal value for SS.

       or

               [-]<S>+[.<m>...][s|ms|us]

       S expresses the number of seconds, with the optional decimal part m.
       The optional literal suffixes s, ms or us indicate to interpret the
       value as seconds, milliseconds or microseconds, respectively.

       In both expressions, the optional - indicates negative duration.

       Examples

       The following examples are all valid time duration:

       55  55 seconds

       0.2 0.2 seconds

       200ms
           200 milliseconds, that's 0.2s

       200000us
           200000 microseconds, that's 0.2s

       12:03:45
           12 hours, 03 minutes and 45 seconds

       23.189
           23.189 seconds

   Video size
       Specify the size of the sourced video, it may be a string of the form
       widthxheight, or the name of a size abbreviation.

       The following abbreviations are recognized:

       ntsc
           720x480

       pal 720x576

       qntsc
           352x240

       qpal
           352x288

       sntsc
           640x480

       spal
           768x576

       film
           352x240

       ntsc-film
           352x240

       sqcif
           128x96

       qcif
           176x144

       cif 352x288

       4cif
           704x576

       16cif
           1408x1152

       qqvga
           160x120

       qvga
           320x240

       vga 640x480

       svga
           800x600

       xga 1024x768

       uxga
           1600x1200

       qxga
           2048x1536

       sxga
           1280x1024

       qsxga
           2560x2048

       hsxga
           5120x4096

       wvga
           852x480

       wxga
           1366x768

       wsxga
           1600x1024

       wuxga
           1920x1200

       woxga
           2560x1600

       wqsxga
           3200x2048

       wquxga
           3840x2400

       whsxga
           6400x4096

       whuxga
           7680x4800

       cga 320x200

       ega 640x350

       hd480
           852x480

       hd720
           1280x720

       hd1080
           1920x1080

       2k  2048x1080

       2kflat
           1998x1080

       2kscope
           2048x858

       4k  4096x2160

       4kflat
           3996x2160

       4kscope
           4096x1716

       nhd 640x360

       hqvga
           240x160

       wqvga
           400x240

       fwqvga
           432x240

       hvga
           480x320

       qhd 960x540

       2kdci
           2048x1080

       4kdci
           4096x2160

       uhd2160
           3840x2160

       uhd4320
           7680x4320

   Video rate
       Specify the frame rate of a video, expressed as the number of frames
       generated per second. It has to be a string in the format
       frame_rate_num/frame_rate_den, an integer number, a float number or a
       valid video frame rate abbreviation.

       The following abbreviations are recognized:

       ntsc
           30000/1001

       pal 25/1

       qntsc
           30000/1001

       qpal
           25/1

       sntsc
           30000/1001

       spal
           25/1

       film
           24/1

       ntsc-film
           24000/1001

   Ratio
       A ratio can be expressed as an expression, or in the form
       numerator:denominator.

       Note that a ratio with infinite (1/0) or negative value is considered
       valid, so you should check on the returned value if you want to exclude
       those values.

       The undefined value can be expressed using the "0:0" string.

   Color
       It can be the name of a color as defined below (case insensitive match)
       or a "[0x|#]RRGGBB[AA]" sequence, possibly followed by @ and a string
       representing the alpha component.

       The alpha component may be a string composed by "0x" followed by an
       hexadecimal number or a decimal number between 0.0 and 1.0, which
       represents the opacity value (0x00 or 0.0 means completely transparent,
       0xff or 1.0 completely opaque). If the alpha component is not specified
       then 0xff is assumed.

       The string random will result in a random color.

       The following names of colors are recognized:

       AliceBlue
           0xF0F8FF

       AntiqueWhite
           0xFAEBD7

       Aqua
           0x00FFFF

       Aquamarine
           0x7FFFD4

       Azure
           0xF0FFFF

       Beige
           0xF5F5DC

       Bisque
           0xFFE4C4

       Black
           0x000000

       BlanchedAlmond
           0xFFEBCD

       Blue
           0x0000FF

       BlueViolet
           0x8A2BE2

       Brown
           0xA52A2A

       BurlyWood
           0xDEB887

       CadetBlue
           0x5F9EA0

       Chartreuse
           0x7FFF00

       Chocolate
           0xD2691E

       Coral
           0xFF7F50

       CornflowerBlue
           0x6495ED

       Cornsilk
           0xFFF8DC

       Crimson
           0xDC143C

       Cyan
           0x00FFFF

       DarkBlue
           0x00008B

       DarkCyan
           0x008B8B

       DarkGoldenRod
           0xB8860B

       DarkGray
           0xA9A9A9

       DarkGreen
           0x006400

       DarkKhaki
           0xBDB76B

       DarkMagenta
           0x8B008B

       DarkOliveGreen
           0x556B2F

       Darkorange
           0xFF8C00

       DarkOrchid
           0x9932CC

       DarkRed
           0x8B0000

       DarkSalmon
           0xE9967A

       DarkSeaGreen
           0x8FBC8F

       DarkSlateBlue
           0x483D8B

       DarkSlateGray
           0x2F4F4F

       DarkTurquoise
           0x00CED1

       DarkViolet
           0x9400D3

       DeepPink
           0xFF1493

       DeepSkyBlue
           0x00BFFF

       DimGray
           0x696969

       DodgerBlue
           0x1E90FF

       FireBrick
           0xB22222

       FloralWhite
           0xFFFAF0

       ForestGreen
           0x228B22

       Fuchsia
           0xFF00FF

       Gainsboro
           0xDCDCDC

       GhostWhite
           0xF8F8FF

       Gold
           0xFFD700

       GoldenRod
           0xDAA520

       Gray
           0x808080

       Green
           0x008000

       GreenYellow
           0xADFF2F

       HoneyDew
           0xF0FFF0

       HotPink
           0xFF69B4

       IndianRed
           0xCD5C5C

       Indigo
           0x4B0082

       Ivory
           0xFFFFF0

       Khaki
           0xF0E68C

       Lavender
           0xE6E6FA

       LavenderBlush
           0xFFF0F5

       LawnGreen
           0x7CFC00

       LemonChiffon
           0xFFFACD

       LightBlue
           0xADD8E6

       LightCoral
           0xF08080

       LightCyan
           0xE0FFFF

       LightGoldenRodYellow
           0xFAFAD2

       LightGreen
           0x90EE90

       LightGrey
           0xD3D3D3

       LightPink
           0xFFB6C1

       LightSalmon
           0xFFA07A

       LightSeaGreen
           0x20B2AA

       LightSkyBlue
           0x87CEFA

       LightSlateGray
           0x778899

       LightSteelBlue
           0xB0C4DE

       LightYellow
           0xFFFFE0

       Lime
           0x00FF00

       LimeGreen
           0x32CD32

       Linen
           0xFAF0E6

       Magenta
           0xFF00FF

       Maroon
           0x800000

       MediumAquaMarine
           0x66CDAA

       MediumBlue
           0x0000CD

       MediumOrchid
           0xBA55D3

       MediumPurple
           0x9370D8

       MediumSeaGreen
           0x3CB371

       MediumSlateBlue
           0x7B68EE

       MediumSpringGreen
           0x00FA9A

       MediumTurquoise
           0x48D1CC

       MediumVioletRed
           0xC71585

       MidnightBlue
           0x191970

       MintCream
           0xF5FFFA

       MistyRose
           0xFFE4E1

       Moccasin
           0xFFE4B5

       NavajoWhite
           0xFFDEAD

       Navy
           0x000080

       OldLace
           0xFDF5E6

       Olive
           0x808000

       OliveDrab
           0x6B8E23

       Orange
           0xFFA500

       OrangeRed
           0xFF4500

       Orchid
           0xDA70D6

       PaleGoldenRod
           0xEEE8AA

       PaleGreen
           0x98FB98

       PaleTurquoise
           0xAFEEEE

       PaleVioletRed
           0xD87093

       PapayaWhip
           0xFFEFD5

       PeachPuff
           0xFFDAB9

       Peru
           0xCD853F

       Pink
           0xFFC0CB

       Plum
           0xDDA0DD

       PowderBlue
           0xB0E0E6

       Purple
           0x800080

       Red 0xFF0000

       RosyBrown
           0xBC8F8F

       RoyalBlue
           0x4169E1

       SaddleBrown
           0x8B4513

       Salmon
           0xFA8072

       SandyBrown
           0xF4A460

       SeaGreen
           0x2E8B57

       SeaShell
           0xFFF5EE

       Sienna
           0xA0522D

       Silver
           0xC0C0C0

       SkyBlue
           0x87CEEB

       SlateBlue
           0x6A5ACD

       SlateGray
           0x708090

       Snow
           0xFFFAFA

       SpringGreen
           0x00FF7F

       SteelBlue
           0x4682B4

       Tan 0xD2B48C

       Teal
           0x008080

       Thistle
           0xD8BFD8

       Tomato
           0xFF6347

       Turquoise
           0x40E0D0

       Violet
           0xEE82EE

       Wheat
           0xF5DEB3

       White
           0xFFFFFF

       WhiteSmoke
           0xF5F5F5

       Yellow
           0xFFFF00

       YellowGreen
           0x9ACD32

   Channel Layout
       A channel layout specifies the spatial disposition of the channels in a
       multi-channel audio stream. To specify a channel layout, FFmpeg makes
       use of a special syntax.

       Individual channels are identified by an id, as given by the table
       below:

       FL  front left

       FR  front right

       FC  front center

       LFE low frequency

       BL  back left

       BR  back right

       FLC front left-of-center

       FRC front right-of-center

       BC  back center

       SL  side left

       SR  side right

       TC  top center

       TFL top front left

       TFC top front center

       TFR top front right

       TBL top back left

       TBC top back center

       TBR top back right

       DL  downmix left

       DR  downmix right

       WL  wide left

       WR  wide right

       SDL surround direct left

       SDR surround direct right

       LFE2
           low frequency 2

       Standard channel layout compositions can be specified by using the
       following identifiers:

       mono
           FC

       stereo
           FL+FR

       2.1 FL+FR+LFE

       3.0 FL+FR+FC

       3.0(back)
           FL+FR+BC

       4.0 FL+FR+FC+BC

       quad
           FL+FR+BL+BR

       quad(side)
           FL+FR+SL+SR

       3.1 FL+FR+FC+LFE

       5.0 FL+FR+FC+BL+BR

       5.0(side)
           FL+FR+FC+SL+SR

       4.1 FL+FR+FC+LFE+BC

       5.1 FL+FR+FC+LFE+BL+BR

       5.1(side)
           FL+FR+FC+LFE+SL+SR

       6.0 FL+FR+FC+BC+SL+SR

       6.0(front)
           FL+FR+FLC+FRC+SL+SR

       hexagonal
           FL+FR+FC+BL+BR+BC

       6.1 FL+FR+FC+LFE+BC+SL+SR

       6.1 FL+FR+FC+LFE+BL+BR+BC

       6.1(front)
           FL+FR+LFE+FLC+FRC+SL+SR

       7.0 FL+FR+FC+BL+BR+SL+SR

       7.0(front)
           FL+FR+FC+FLC+FRC+SL+SR

       7.1 FL+FR+FC+LFE+BL+BR+SL+SR

       7.1(wide)
           FL+FR+FC+LFE+BL+BR+FLC+FRC

       7.1(wide-side)
           FL+FR+FC+LFE+FLC+FRC+SL+SR

       octagonal
           FL+FR+FC+BL+BR+BC+SL+SR

       hexadecagonal
           FL+FR+FC+BL+BR+BC+SL+SR+WL+WR+TBL+TBR+TBC+TFC+TFL+TFR

       downmix
           DL+DR

       A custom channel layout can be specified as a sequence of terms,
       separated by '+' or '|'. Each term can be:

       o   the name of a standard channel layout (e.g. mono, stereo, 4.0,
           quad, 5.0, etc.)

       o   the name of a single channel (e.g. FL, FR, FC, LFE, etc.)

       o   a number of channels, in decimal, followed by 'c', yielding the
           default channel layout for that number of channels (see the
           function "av_get_default_channel_layout"). Note that not all
           channel counts have a default layout.

       o   a number of channels, in decimal, followed by 'C', yielding an
           unknown channel layout with the specified number of channels. Note
           that not all channel layout specification strings support unknown
           channel layouts.

       o   a channel layout mask, in hexadecimal starting with "0x" (see the
           "AV_CH_*" macros in libavutil/channel_layout.h.

       Before libavutil version 53 the trailing character "c" to specify a
       number of channels was optional, but now it is required, while a
       channel layout mask can also be specified as a decimal number (if and
       only if not followed by "c" or "C").

       See also the function "av_get_channel_layout" defined in
       libavutil/channel_layout.h.


EXPRESSION EVALUATION

       When evaluating an arithmetic expression, FFmpeg uses an internal
       formula evaluator, implemented through the libavutil/eval.h interface.

       An expression may contain unary, binary operators, constants, and
       functions.

       Two expressions expr1 and expr2 can be combined to form another
       expression "expr1;expr2".  expr1 and expr2 are evaluated in turn, and
       the new expression evaluates to the value of expr2.

       The following binary operators are available: "+", "-", "*", "/", "^".

       The following unary operators are available: "+", "-".

       The following functions are available:

       abs(x)
           Compute absolute value of x.

       acos(x)
           Compute arccosine of x.

       asin(x)
           Compute arcsine of x.

       atan(x)
           Compute arctangent of x.

       atan2(x, y)
           Compute principal value of the arc tangent of y/x.

       between(x, min, max)
           Return 1 if x is greater than or equal to min and lesser than or
           equal to max, 0 otherwise.

       bitand(x, y)
       bitor(x, y)
           Compute bitwise and/or operation on x and y.

           The results of the evaluation of x and y are converted to integers
           before executing the bitwise operation.

           Note that both the conversion to integer and the conversion back to
           floating point can lose precision. Beware of unexpected results for
           large numbers (usually 2^53 and larger).

       ceil(expr)
           Round the value of expression expr upwards to the nearest integer.
           For example, "ceil(1.5)" is "2.0".

       clip(x, min, max)
           Return the value of x clipped between min and max.

       cos(x)
           Compute cosine of x.

       cosh(x)
           Compute hyperbolic cosine of x.

       eq(x, y)
           Return 1 if x and y are equivalent, 0 otherwise.

       exp(x)
           Compute exponential of x (with base "e", the Euler's number).

       floor(expr)
           Round the value of expression expr downwards to the nearest
           integer. For example, "floor(-1.5)" is "-2.0".

       gauss(x)
           Compute Gauss function of x, corresponding to "exp(-x*x/2) /
           sqrt(2*PI)".

       gcd(x, y)
           Return the greatest common divisor of x and y. If both x and y are
           0 or either or both are less than zero then behavior is undefined.

       gt(x, y)
           Return 1 if x is greater than y, 0 otherwise.

       gte(x, y)
           Return 1 if x is greater than or equal to y, 0 otherwise.

       hypot(x, y)
           This function is similar to the C function with the same name; it
           returns "sqrt(x*x + y*y)", the length of the hypotenuse of a right
           triangle with sides of length x and y, or the distance of the point
           (x, y) from the origin.

       if(x, y)
           Evaluate x, and if the result is non-zero return the result of the
           evaluation of y, return 0 otherwise.

       if(x, y, z)
           Evaluate x, and if the result is non-zero return the evaluation
           result of y, otherwise the evaluation result of z.

       ifnot(x, y)
           Evaluate x, and if the result is zero return the result of the
           evaluation of y, return 0 otherwise.

       ifnot(x, y, z)
           Evaluate x, and if the result is zero return the evaluation result
           of y, otherwise the evaluation result of z.

       isinf(x)
           Return 1.0 if x is +/-INFINITY, 0.0 otherwise.

       isnan(x)
           Return 1.0 if x is NAN, 0.0 otherwise.

       ld(var)
           Load the value of the internal variable with number var, which was
           previously stored with st(var, expr).  The function returns the
           loaded value.

       lerp(x, y, z)
           Return linear interpolation between x and y by amount of z.

       log(x)
           Compute natural logarithm of x.

       lt(x, y)
           Return 1 if x is lesser than y, 0 otherwise.

       lte(x, y)
           Return 1 if x is lesser than or equal to y, 0 otherwise.

       max(x, y)
           Return the maximum between x and y.

       min(x, y)
           Return the minimum between x and y.

       mod(x, y)
           Compute the remainder of division of x by y.

       not(expr)
           Return 1.0 if expr is zero, 0.0 otherwise.

       pow(x, y)
           Compute the power of x elevated y, it is equivalent to "(x)^(y)".

       print(t)
       print(t, l)
           Print the value of expression t with loglevel l. If l is not
           specified then a default log level is used.  Returns the value of
           the expression printed.

           Prints t with loglevel l

       random(x)
           Return a pseudo random value between 0.0 and 1.0. x is the index of
           the internal variable which will be used to save the seed/state.

       root(expr, max)
           Find an input value for which the function represented by expr with
           argument ld(0) is 0 in the interval 0..max.

           The expression in expr must denote a continuous function or the
           result is undefined.

           ld(0) is used to represent the function input value, which means
           that the given expression will be evaluated multiple times with
           various input values that the expression can access through ld(0).
           When the expression evaluates to 0 then the corresponding input
           value will be returned.

       round(expr)
           Round the value of expression expr to the nearest integer. For
           example, "round(1.5)" is "2.0".

       sgn(x)
           Compute sign of x.

       sin(x)
           Compute sine of x.

       sinh(x)
           Compute hyperbolic sine of x.

       sqrt(expr)
           Compute the square root of expr. This is equivalent to "(expr)^.5".

       squish(x)
           Compute expression "1/(1 + exp(4*x))".

       st(var, expr)
           Store the value of the expression expr in an internal variable. var
           specifies the number of the variable where to store the value, and
           it is a value ranging from 0 to 9. The function returns the value
           stored in the internal variable.  Note, Variables are currently not
           shared between expressions.

       tan(x)
           Compute tangent of x.

       tanh(x)
           Compute hyperbolic tangent of x.

       taylor(expr, x)
       taylor(expr, x, id)
           Evaluate a Taylor series at x, given an expression representing the
           "ld(id)"-th derivative of a function at 0.

           When the series does not converge the result is undefined.

           ld(id) is used to represent the derivative order in expr, which
           means that the given expression will be evaluated multiple times
           with various input values that the expression can access through
           "ld(id)". If id is not specified then 0 is assumed.

           Note, when you have the derivatives at y instead of 0,
           "taylor(expr, x-y)" can be used.

       time(0)
           Return the current (wallclock) time in seconds.

       trunc(expr)
           Round the value of expression expr towards zero to the nearest
           integer. For example, "trunc(-1.5)" is "-1.0".

       while(cond, expr)
           Evaluate expression expr while the expression cond is non-zero, and
           returns the value of the last expr evaluation, or NAN if cond was
           always false.

       The following constants are available:

       PI  area of the unit disc, approximately 3.14

       E   exp(1) (Euler's number), approximately 2.718

       PHI golden ratio (1+sqrt(5))/2, approximately 1.618

       Assuming that an expression is considered "true" if it has a non-zero
       value, note that:

       "*" works like AND

       "+" works like OR

       For example the construct:

               if (A AND B) then C

       is equivalent to:

               if(A*B, C)

       In your C code, you can extend the list of unary and binary functions,
       and define recognized constants, so that they are available for your
       expressions.

       The evaluator also recognizes the International System unit prefixes.
       If 'i' is appended after the prefix, binary prefixes are used, which
       are based on powers of 1024 instead of powers of 1000.  The 'B' postfix
       multiplies the value by 8, and can be appended after a unit prefix or
       used alone. This allows using for example 'KB', 'MiB', 'G' and 'B' as
       number postfix.

       The list of available International System prefixes follows, with
       indication of the corresponding powers of 10 and of 2.

       y   10^-24 / 2^-80

       z   10^-21 / 2^-70

       a   10^-18 / 2^-60

       f   10^-15 / 2^-50

       p   10^-12 / 2^-40

       n   10^-9 / 2^-30

       u   10^-6 / 2^-20

       m   10^-3 / 2^-10

       c   10^-2

       d   10^-1

       h   10^2

       k   10^3 / 2^10

       K   10^3 / 2^10

       M   10^6 / 2^20

       G   10^9 / 2^30

       T   10^12 / 2^40

       P   10^15 / 2^40

       E   10^18 / 2^50

       Z   10^21 / 2^60

       Y   10^24 / 2^70


SEE ALSO

       ffmpeg(1), ffplay(1), ffprobe(1), libavutil(3)


AUTHORS

       The FFmpeg developers.

       For details about the authorship, see the Git history of the project
       (git://source.ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg), e.g. by typing the command git log in
       the FFmpeg source directory, or browsing the online repository at
       <http://source.ffmpeg.org>.

       Maintainers for the specific components are listed in the file
       MAINTAINERS in the source code tree.



                                                               ffmpeg-utils(1)

ffmpeg 4.4 - Generated Fri Apr 23 07:47:07 CDT 2021
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