info r5rs

4.2.4 Iteration

library syntax: do ((<variable1> <init1> <step1>) …,) (<test> <expression> …,) <command> …,)

‘Do’ is an iteration construct. It specifies a set of variables to be bound, how they are to be initialized at the start, and how they are to be updated on each iteration. When a termination condition is met, the loop exits after evaluating the <expression>s.

‘Do’ expressions are evaluated as follows: The <init> expressions are evaluated (in some unspecified order), the <variable>s are bound to fresh locations, the results of the <init> expressions are stored in the bindings of the <variable>s, and then the iteration phase begins.

Each iteration begins by evaluating <test>; if the result is false (see section Booleans), then the <command> expressions are evaluated in order for effect, the <step> expressions are evaluated in some unspecified order, the <variable>s are bound to fresh locations, the results of the <step>s are stored in the bindings of the <variable>s, and the next iteration begins.

If <test> evaluates to a true value, then the <expression>s are evaluated from left to right and the value(s) of the last <expression> is(are) returned. If no <expression>s are present, then the value of the ‘do’ expression is unspecified.

The region of the binding of a <variable> consists of the entire ‘do’ expression except for the <init>s. It is an error for a <variable> to appear more than once in the list of ‘do’ variables.

A <step> may be omitted, in which case the effect is the same as if ‘(<variable> <init> <variable>)’ had been written instead of ‘(<variable> <init>)’.

(do ((vec (make-vector 5))
     (i 0 (+ i 1)))
    ((= i 5) vec)
  (vector-set! vec i i))               ⇒  #(0 1 2 3 4)

(let ((x '(1 3 5 7 9)))
  (do ((x x (cdr x))
       (sum 0 (+ sum (car x))))
      ((null? x) sum)))                ⇒  25

library syntax: let <variable> <bindings> <body>

“Named ‘let’” is a variant on the syntax of let which provides a more general looping construct than ‘do’ and may also be used to express recursions. It has the same syntax and semantics as ordinary ‘let’ except that <variable> is bound within <body> to a procedure whose formal arguments are the bound variables and whose body is <body>. Thus the execution of <body> may be repeated by invoking the procedure named by <variable>.

(let loop ((numbers '(3 -2 1 6 -5))
           (nonneg '())
           (neg '()))
  (cond ((null? numbers) (list nonneg neg))
        ((>= (car numbers) 0)
         (loop (cdr numbers)
               (cons (car numbers) nonneg)
               neg))
        ((< (car numbers) 0)
         (loop (cdr numbers)
               nonneg
               (cons (car numbers) neg)))))   
          ⇒  ((6 1 3) (-5 -2))

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