Footnotes

(1)

It should be noted that although the Internet seems to have conquered the world, there are other networking protocol suites in existence and in use.

(2)

In the days before voice mail systems!

(3)

For the technically savvy, data reads block—if there's no incoming data, the program is made to wait until there is, instead of receiving a “there's no data” error return.

(4)

This special file is reserved, but not otherwise currently implemented.

(5)

Microsoft preferred to ignore the TCP/IP family of protocols until 1995. Then came the rise of the Netscape browser as a landmark “killer application.” Microsoft added TCP/IP support and their own browser to Microsoft Windows 95 at the last minute. They even back-ported their TCP/IP implementation to Microsoft Windows for Workgroups 3.11, but it was a rather rudimentary and half-hearted implementation. Nevertheless, the equivalent of ‘/etc/services’ resides under ‘C:\WINNT\system32\drivers\etc\services’ on Microsoft Windows 2000.

(6)

Version 1.0 of HTTP was defined in RFC 1945. HTTP 1.1 was initially specified in RFC 2068. In June 1999, RFC 2068 was made obsolete by RFC 2616, an update without any substantial changes.

(7)

As defined in RFC 2068.

(8)

The version shown here is abbreviated. The full version comes with the gawk distribution.

(9)

Due to licensing problems, the default installation of GNUPlot disables the generation of ‘.gif’ files. If your installed version does not accept ‘set term gif’, just download and install the most recent version of GNUPlot and the GD library by Thomas Boutell. Otherwise you still have the chance to generate some ASCII-art style images with GNUPlot by using ‘set term dumb’. (We tried it and it worked.)

(10)

http://www.research.ibm.com/massive/mobag.ps